(C) "Agent" and "real estate agent" mean a person licensed by this chapter to represent another in a real estate transaction. (5) The licensee is the subject of an order by the department of commerce, the department of insurance, or the department of agriculture revoking or permanently surrendering any professional license, certificate, or registration. The commission or the superintendent of real estate may investigate complaints concerning the violation of section 4735.02 or 4735.25 of the Revised Code and may subpoena witnesses in connection with such investigations as provided in section 4735.04 of the Revised Code. (B) If, after investigation, the superintendent determines there exists reasonable evidence of a violation of section 4735.02, 4735.023, or 4735.25 of the Revised Code, within fourteen business days after that determination, the superintendent shall send the party who is the subject of the investigation, a written notice, by regular mail, that includes all of the following information: (1) A description of the activity in which the party allegedly is engaging or has engaged that is a violation of section 4735.02, 4735.023, or 4735.25 of the Revised Code; (2) The applicable law allegedly violated; (3) A statement informing the party that a hearing concerning the alleged violation will be held, upon the party's request, before a hearing examiner pursuant to Chapter 119. of the Revised Code. (B) The brokerage policy on agency described in division (A) of this section shall include all of the following information: (1) An explanation of the permissible agency relationships available under section 4735.53 of the Revised Code and the duties that the agent owes the agent's client; (2) The brokerage's policy on representation of purchasers or sellers; (3) Whether at some time during the agency relationship the brokerage and its licensee may act as a dual agent, and the options and consequences for the client if a dual agency situation arises including the right of the client to terminate the agency relationship and seek representation from another source; (4) Whether at some time during the agency relationship, another licensee affiliated with the same brokerage as the licensee may become the exclusive agent for the other party in the transaction and whether each licensee will represent only the interests of that licensee's client; (5) The brokerage's policy on cooperation with other brokerages, including whether the brokerage offers compensation to other brokerages or will seek compensation from other brokerages; (6) That a brokerage that has a purchaser as a client represents the purchaser's interests even though the seller's agent or the seller may compensate that purchaser's brokerage; (7) That the signature of the purchaser or the seller indicates acknowledgement of receipt of the brokerage policy on agency. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, a licensee owes no further duty to a client after performance of all duties or after any contract has terminated or expired, except for both of the following: (A) Providing the client with an accounting of all moneys and property relating to the transaction; (B) Keeping confidential all information received during the course of the transaction unless: (2) Disclosure is required by law or by court order; (3) The information becomes public from a source other than the licensee; (4) The information is necessary to prevent a crime the client intends to commit; (5) Disclosure is necessary to defend the brokerage or its licensees against an accusation of wrongful conduct or to establish or defend a claim that a commission is owed on a transaction; (6) Disclosure is regarding sales information requested by a real estate appraiser assistant registered under Chapter 4763. of the Revised Code or a real estate appraiser licensed or certified under Chapter 4763. of the Revised Code for the purposes of performing an appraisal. The application shall be accompanied by the recommendation of the real estate broker with whom the applicant is associated or with whom the applicant intends to be associated, certifying that the applicant is honest and truthful, and has not been finally adjudged by a court to have violated any municipal, state, or federal civil rights laws relevant to the protection of purchasers or sellers of real estate, which conviction or adjudication the applicant has not disclosed to the superintendent, and recommending that the applicant be admitted to the real estate salesperson examination. A discharge in bankruptcy does not relieve a person from the suspension and requirements for reactivation provided in this section unless the underlying judgment has been included in the discharge and has not been reaffirmed by the debtor. No person, without privilege to do so, shall recklessly cut down, destroy, girdle, or otherwise injure a vine, bush, shrub, sapling, tree, or crop standing or growing on the land of another or upon public land. (C) If the requirements of this section are not met by a licensee within the period specified, the licensee's license shall be suspended automatically without the taking of any action by the superintendent. (A) Except as provided in section 4735.022 of the Revised Code, no person, partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation shall act as a real estate broker or real estate salesperson, or advertise or assume to act as such, without first being licensed as provided in this chapter. The Legislative Service Commission staff updates the Revised Code on an ongoing basis, as it completes its act review of enacted legislation. Notwithstanding division (D) of section 2317.023 of the Revised Code, all information obtained by investigators or auditors from an informal mediation meeting held pursuant to section 4735.051 of the Revised Code, including but not limited to the agreement to mediate and the accommodation agreement, shall be held in confidence by the superintendent, investigators, auditors, and other personnel of the department. (K) "Real estate transaction" means any act that is described in division (A) of section 4735.01 of the Revised Code or that is related to the execution of an act described in that section. A salesperson licensed under this chapter shall not sell, assign, or otherwise transfer the salesperson's interest in a commission or any portion thereof to an unlicensed person or entity. (4) The licensee is found to have engaged in a discriminatory practice pertaining to housing accommodations described in division (H) of section 4112.02 of the Revised Code. Encroachments often occur when a neighbor puts up a new fence or builds out . For purposes of this division, actual knowledge of such material facts shall be inferred to the licensee if the licensee acts with reckless disregard for the truth. (C) No person shall take the foreign real estate salesperson's examination who has not established to the satisfaction of the superintendent that the person: (2) Has not been finally adjudged by a court to have violated any municipal, state, or federal civil rights laws relevant to the protection of purchasers or sellers of real estate or, if the applicant has been so adjudged, at least two years have passed since the court decision and the superintendent has disregarded the adjudication because the applicant has proven, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the applicant's activities and employment record since the adjudication show that the applicant is honest and truthful, and there is no basis in fact for believing that the applicant will again violate the laws; (D) Every salesperson of foreign real estate shall be licensed by the superintendent of real estate and shall be employed only by the licensed foreign real estate dealer specified on the salesperson's license. A copy of all research reports shall be submitted to the state library of Ohio and the library of the legislative service commission. (4) The earnest money becomes unclaimed funds as defined in division (M)(2) of section 169.02 of the Revised Code and, after providing the notice that division (E) of section 169.03 of the Revised Code requires, the broker has reported the unclaimed funds to the director of commerce pursuant to section 169.03 of the Revised Code and has remitted all of the earnest money to the director. An applicant who has completed the classroom instructional requirements of division (F)(6) of this section at the time of application shall be examined no later than twelve months after the applicant is notified of the applicant's admission to the examination. No licensee shall knowingly give false information to any party in a real estate transaction. About Expert insight and analysis was provided by Pardalis & Nohavicka, LLP and Real Estate and Corporate Transactions Attorney Nataly Goldstein . Amounts collected by the superintendent as prescribed in this section and interest earned on the assets of the fund shall be credited by the treasurer of state to the fund. For any subsequent offense, the commission shall revoke the license of the broker or salesperson. The requirements of this division do not apply to an applicant who is admitted to practice before the supreme court. For purposes of this division, "material relationship" means any actually known personal, familial, or business relationship between the brokerage or an affiliated licensee and a client that could impair the ability of the brokerage or affiliated licensee to exercise lawful and independent judgment relative to another client. If the person is brought before the court by virtue of the attachment, and if upon a hearing the disobedience appears, the court may order the offender to be committed and kept in close custody. (C) All fees collected under this section shall be paid to the treasurer of state. The commission, in accordance with rules adopted under division (A)(2)(g) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code, shall impose a special assessment not to exceed ten dollars per year for each year of a licensing period on each licensee filing a notice of renewal under section 4735.14 of the Revised Code if the amount available in the fund is less than two hundred fifty thousand dollars on the first day of July preceding that filing. If a broker changes a business location without giving the required notice and without receiving new licenses that action is prima-facie evidence of misconduct under division (A)(6) of section 4735.18 of the Revised Code. The superintendent shall not be bound by any prior compromise or stipulation of the judgment debtor. (D) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the liability of the fund shall not exceed forty thousand dollars for any one licensee. Any fee required under division (C)(3) of section 109.572 of the Revised Code shall be paid by the applicant. If the seller refuses to provide a signature, the licensee shall note this on the policy. To change the party a licensee represents in a real estate transaction after an agency disclosure statement has been signed and dated or following verbal disclosure of the agency relationship, the licensee shall obtain written consent from the party originally represented to represent another party in the transaction. Except as provided in division (E) of this section, the licensee shall provide the brokerage policy on agency to a purchaser prior to the earliest of the following actions of the licensee: (1) Initiating a prequalification evaluation to determine whether the purchaser has the financial ability to purchase or lease a particular real estate property; (2) Requesting specific financial information from the purchaser to determine the purchaser's ability to purchase or finance real estate in a particular price range; (3) Showing the real estate to the purchaser other than at an open house; (4) Discussing, with the purchaser, the making of an offer to purchase or lease real estate; (5) Submitting an offer to purchase or lease real estate on behalf of the purchaser. If the adjoining landowners decide to build a (A) Whoever violates section 4735.02 or 4735.021 of the Revised Code is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree. Field drainage ditch buffered with grass filter strips. (D) The disclosure requirements of this section do not apply in any of the following situations: (1) The rental or leasing of residential premises as defined in section 5321.01 of the Revised Code, if the rental or lease agreement can be performed in eighteen months or less; (2) The referral of a prospective purchaser or seller to another licensee; (3) Transactions involving the sale, lease, or exchange of foreign real estate as defined in division (E) of section 4735.01 of the Revised Code; (4) Transactions involving the sale of a cemetery lot or a cemetery interment right. Time Period Required for Occupation. If proof of completion of the required instruction is not submitted within twelve months of the date a license is issued under this section, the licensee's license is suspended automatically without the taking of any action by the superintendent. In representing any client in an agency or subagency relationship, the licensee shall be a fiduciary of the client and shall use the licensee's best efforts to further the interest of the client including, but not limited to, doing all of the following: (A) Exercising reasonable skill and care in representing the client and carrying out the responsibilities of the agency relationship; (B) Performing the terms of any written agency agreement; (C) Following any lawful instructions of the client; (D) Performing all duties specified in this chapter in a manner that is loyal to the interest of the client; (E) Complying with all requirements of this chapter and other applicable statutes, rules, and regulations, including the Ohio fair housing law, division (H) of section 4112.02 of the Revised Code, and the federal fair housing law, 42 U.S.C.A. As Ohio State University explains, adverse possession in Ohio is a holdover doctrine from old English law that may give caretakers the right to legally claim land they utilize. The commission shall notify the complainant and any other person who may have suffered financial loss because of the licensee's violations, that the complainant or other person may sue for recovery under section 4735.12 of the Revised Code. (A) Except as provided in section 4735.022 of the Revised Code, no person, partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation shall act as a real estate broker or real estate salesperson, or advertise or assume to act as such, without first being licensed as provided in this chapter. If the commissioners affirm the determination of the superintendent, the superintendent shall so notify the complainant and the licensee within five business days thereafter. The division of real estate operating fund shall be assessed a proportionate share of the administrative costs of the department of commerce in accordance with procedures prescribed by the director of commerce. The licensee shall deliver the statement signed by the purchaser to the seller's agent, or to the seller if the seller is not represented by an agent. selling property with encroachment. This doctrine historically encouraged settlers to maximize available land and make it productive. The landowner doing work on the line fence is responsible for harm caused to the adjoining property. (3) Has not, during any period in which the applicant was licensed under this chapter, violated any provision of, or any rule adopted pursuant to, this chapter, or, if the applicant has violated any such provision or rule, has established to the satisfaction of the superintendent that the applicant will not again violate such provision or rule; (5) Has been a licensed real estate broker or salesperson for at least two years; during at least two of the five years preceding the person's application, has worked as a licensed real estate broker or salesperson for an average of at least thirty hours per week; and has completed one of the following: (a) At least twenty real estate transactions, in which property was sold for another by the applicant while acting in the capacity of a real estate broker or salesperson; (b) Such equivalent experience as is defined by rules adopted by the commission. The licensee shall submit proper documentation of active duty service and the length of that active duty service to the superintendent. The citation also shall contain a statement of a fine of two hundred dollars per violation, not to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars per citation. Under Ohio law, trees that border fence or property lines and hang over can be trimmed back to the property line. (D) The commission may suspend, in whole or in part, the imposition of the penalty of suspension of a license under this section. (A) Subject to section 4735.32 of the Revised Code, the superintendent of real estate, upon the superintendent's own motion, may investigate the conduct of any licensee. (E)(1) If a brokerage determines that confidential information of one client in a dual agency relationship has become known to any licensee employed by or affiliated with the brokerage who is representing the other client in the dual agency relationship, as a result of the failure of the brokerage, its licensees, or its employees to maintain such confidentiality, the brokerage shall do both of the following: (a) Notify both clients of the fact immediately in writing; (b) Offer to resign representation of both clients. If the commission finds that a violation has occurred, the commission may assess a civil penalty, in an amount it determines, not to exceed one thousand dollars per violation. Ohio Revised Code . Upon withdrawal of the notice of hearing, the superintendent shall notify the complainant and licensee of the superintendent's determination and basis for the determination. Time for Landowner to Challenge/Effect of Landowner's Disability. The following are dual agents under this chapter: (A) A licensee who represents both the purchaser and the seller as clients in the same real estate transaction; (B) A brokerage that represents both the purchaser and the seller as clients in the same real estate transaction; (C) A management level licensee who represents a client in an in-company transaction. (G) "Contemporaneous offers" means offers to purchase or lease on behalf of two or more clients represented by the same licensee for the same property that the licensee knows, has known, or has reason to know will be taken under consideration by the owner or owner's authorized representative during the same period of time. (3) Renewal of a three-year real estate salesperson's license, one hundred eighty-two dollars; (4) Renewal of a real estate broker's or salesperson's license filed within twelve months after the licensee's renewal date, an additional late filing penalty of fifty per cent of the required three-year fee; (5) Foreign real estate dealer's license and each renewal of the license, thirty dollars per salesperson employed by the dealer, but not less than two hundred three dollars; (6) Foreign real estate salesperson's license and each renewal of the license, sixty-eight dollars. Notwithstanding division (K) of section 121.08 of the Revised Code, the superintendent of real estate and professional licensing shall request that criminal record information based on the applicant's fingerprints be obtained from the federal bureau of investigation as part of the criminal records check. (F) "Confidential information" means all information that a client directs to be kept confidential or that if disclosed would have an adverse effect on the client's position in the real estate transaction, except to the extent the agent is required by law to disclose such information, and all information that is required by law to be kept confidential. (B) An out-of-state commercial salesperson may perform those acts that require a real estate salesperson license under this chapter with respect to commercial real estate, provided that the out-of-state commercial salesperson meets all of the following requirements: (1) Is licensed with and works under the direct supervision of the out-of-state commercial broker; (2) The out-of-state commercial broker with whom the salesperson is associated meets all of the requirements of division (A) of this section ; (3) Provides the Ohio broker who is working in cooperation with the out-of-state broker with whom the salesperson is associated, with a copy of the commercial salesperson's current certificate of good standing from the jurisdiction where the out-of-state commercial salesperson maintains an active real estate license in connection with the out-of-state commercial broker; (4) Collects money, including commissions, deposits, payments, rentals, or otherwise, only in the name of and with the consent of the out-of-state commercial broker under whom the out-of-state commercial salesperson is licensed. 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