AO2 Human activities shape the structure of landscapes in different ways and hence modify animal communities depending on the type and intensity of these activities. [3], Comment on workings of coastal system - inputs/stores/flows/outputs Location 2 shows less fluctuation in rates of erosion Sands and gravels eroded from the shores of coastal bays maintain the beach as a natural barrier between the open water and coastal wetlands. [3]. - Sub-aerial processes are a combination of weathering as mass movement. "To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our own peril." #amazon #humanimpact #agriculture #deforestation #landusechange AO2 Candidates should address the importance of wind and/or consider interrelationships between wind and other factors identified. Click to reveal answer. Replacement of track most expensive Climate Change: Regional Impacts. (a) Label Figure 1b to explain the processes responsible for the formation of landform X. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. These characteristics may be linked with the processes that are part of the development of the landform such as weathering, marine erosion and mass movement -Does it provide specific information about the related event, ie strength etc -Use of colour, interpretation easy? [5]. Examination of the role of other processes Professor Nicola Beaumont, Head of Science for Sea and Society at Plymouth Marine Laboratory, said: Our research demonstrates that marine and coastal areas play an important role in supporting peoples well-being. e.g. This may include: e.g. [15]. Many countries have taken steps to ban single use plastic items like straws, drink stirrers and cotton buds. Material from beach can be transported to other beaches, 17. New York: ASCE, Coastal Sediments 77, pp. Humans also impact the land around or near the coast. To express human activities in more detail, the landscape types were classified into positive and negative ecological elements [40], representing positive and negative ecological effects (Table 5 . The whole of the east coast of the USA used to bloom with trout. e.g. Assessment of positive against negative impacts Headlands Variation of expense with what is damaged Internationa Impacts of Development in India, Environmental Impacts of Development in India, Volcanoes in Different Parts of the World, Earthquakes in Different Parts of the World, Geology and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion, Climate and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion. Size of particles - some places consist of particle sizes easier to erode by wind e.g. geographical variations in success the importance of factors such as wave characteristics (such as fetch, wave type and wave orientation) All storm water drains in Victoria are linked to the sea. The work was completed between 9 April 2019 and 23 August 2019. [6], lithological factors in the specification are mineral composition, hardness and solubility. -Transport, Through the implementation of the 25 Year Environment Plan, the UK continues to consider the need for further domestic protection, and is putting in place new management measures for Marine Protected Areas, including seeking new powers through the Fisheries Bill, which is currently before Parliament. cluster in North Wales The Great Barrier Reef is under threat from a range of pressures with a major one being deteriorating water quality due to pollution from adjacent land use. The gradual slope of the beaches before erosion and the replenishment of sand is no longer. Relevant responses may include: Changes of boundaries, ie choropleth. reference to structure of reefs - reef crest, fore reef, back reef The coastline is rapidly eroding at an average of 1.8 metres a year. -Geology, As part of our ongoing positive impact activities, this brings our total trees planted (a) Use Figure 2 to describe the pattern of sediment gain and loss along this coastline. Deposition occurs when and where there is insufficient energy to move sediment further, and learners should understand the processes of sediment sorting and flocculation. (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to suggest how mass movement is influencing the development of this coastal landscape. Key scales? movement of sand within dunes - blowouts AO2 (b) Outline one positive impact of coastal processes on human activity. Write the values for A, B and C in your answer booklet. In this paper, we comparatively evaluate changes in the positive and the negative ecological elements of Shenzhen's coastal zone in the rapid urbanization process to understand impacts of human activities. debris protects base of cliff from erosion [6], Generally increased erosion over time in the south of the photography (reference to dates) Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Both approaches seen above are acceptable. Summary of beach nourishment along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico shoreline. Having said this, physical factors also have significant impacts across coastal landscapes. Examination of the relative role of longshore drift The increase in the use of fertilisers for agriculture and warming ocean waters has contributed to eutrophication of the Ocean in certain areas of the world. Special publications, vol 175. Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of seconds - mass movement, storm events, wave motion, tides and currents -Vegetation, e.g. the extent to which the strategy has reduced impacts on human activity Human activities pose a threat to Seagrass beds because of boating, stepping on the seagrass, which damage the root system, dredging, pollution and construction practices. 92 67 The metals required in our laptops, phones and batteries can be found on the seafloor but what damage will we do? reference to reef composition - live coral, sediment It was not long before attempts to control erosion resulted in various types of structures such as jetties, groins, and seawalls. The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. Development of barrier islands accessed by these causeways resulted in various types of construction that have negatively impacted on the coastal zone. Have students watch three videos about human activities that threaten the world ocean. The extent to which the role of sub aerial processes can vary over time and in different locations erosion of sediment from beach Examination of the role of longshore drift and other processes in different locations. Ability to pick out anomalies? Farmers have to maximise their income by using whatever land they can. dredging of sands and gravels. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. You have accepted additional cookies. A conclusion may be drawn in the context of the landform(s). 18. [10], AO1 Candidates should be able to show the knowledge and understanding of the sub aerial processes of coastal weathering (the breaking down of rock in situ). (20) Assess the extent to which predicted climate change will present challenges for sustainable management of a local scale environment that you have studied. AO2 content encompasses the application of knowledge and understanding to evaluate the importance of seasonal processes and their link to landform(s). To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. Davis, R.A., Hine, A.C., and Bland, M.J., 1987. A lot of the seawalls and groins were buried in order to form the new beaches. [5], This is a high energy coastal environment characterised by erosion, high wave activity, exposure to prevailing winds and a long wave fetch. Does it show patterns effectively? reference to species - corals, algae, sponges Coastal zone 89. the importance of time scales in the continuing development of the landform Rising water temperatures, increasing ocean acidification, Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS), fishing, and coastal development are also impacting the Great Barrier Reef. whether the reduction of impacts of human activity has been successful Do the unofficial footpaths have a detrimental/positive affect on species, . Check out Adapt the A-level & GCSE revision timetable app. Material from beach can be used to erode cliffs/WCP the accumulation of sediment to form beaches may attract tourists and lead to the development of a tourist industry Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Such attempts to control the nature of changes on the beach are among the more negative impacts from humans. When water and wind batter the shoreline sediments are carried out to sea and deposited on the sea floor or at other points along the coastline. Around the foreshore of both Long Beach and Nutgrove Beach, rocks have been added to the foreshore to prevent further erosion of the beach. Physical The geological structure incorporates bedding planes, dip, folding and faulting and can add distinctive features to these landforms. [5]. Encyclopedia of Coastal Science pp 530535Cite as, Part of the Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series book series (EESS). Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of millennia - isostatic and eustatic changes the movement of sediment may keep harbours clear and accessible knowledge and understanding of how lithological factors influence the development of the selected landform(s) - this may include reference to mineral composition, solubility and hardness The first reason why the beaches are eroding is because of rock jetties. Location 1 has most decrease/erosion and greatest range EXAMPLE: The snapshots of our trip to Kenya are (lying, laying) on top of the photo album. In the 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built to protect the properties on the beach. Loss of farm land in the southern section of the photograph Types of Wetland Impacts Human Impacts [2]. 3.6 billion People live near or around a coast. 2019, p. 247). - Decrease in wave height leads to decrease in wave energy (1) Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Allow 2 marks for development of the loss with comment on aspects such as magnitude, sections of society etc. Overall, there are many ways whereby human activities have caused problems for a broad spectrum of coastal environments. Knowledge and understanding of the process of longshore drift (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to compare the shoreline changes shown at Location 1 and Location 2. Use of colour in key? 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positive impacts of human activity on coastal landscapes