The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. "[95], Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. "[90] Regarding Australia and the Pacific, Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopdia observed in 1885 that, "the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasiagenerally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the [Malay] archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of Malesia. "[119] In a 1980 report on venereal diseases in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galpagos Islands were not a member of the South Pacific Commission, like other islands in the South Pacific. Semiarid / steppe For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. Taon, Paul S.C. (2001). I. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. [268] The brown tree snake is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, Guam and Solomon Islands. [135] The Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies stated in 1996 that Oceania was defined as Australia and an ensemble of various Pacific Islands, "particularly those in the central and south Pacific [but] never those in the extreme north, for example the Aleutian chain. Germany established colonies in New Guinea in 1884, and Samoa in 1900. [67] The original UN definition of Oceania from 1947 included these same countries and semi-independent territories, which were mostly still colonies at that point. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. The total population density, however, barely fluctuates between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. [283] Snow falls frequently on the highlands near the east coast, in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and in the Australian Capital Territory. [56][57], The new terms Near Oceania and Remote Oceania were proposed in 1973 by anthropologists Roger Green and Andrew Pawley. Oceania (UK: / o s i n i , o i-,- e n-/, US: / o i n i / (), /- n-/) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). What is the most populated city in Oceania? [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. [372], In 2003 alone, according to state government data, there were over 6.4 million visitors to the Hawaiian Islands with expenditures of over $10.6 billion. By that time, the UN projects, fast global population growth will come to an end. "[66] The Juan Fernndez Islands and the neighboring Desventuradas Islands are today seen as the easternmost extension of the Indo-West Pacific biogeographic region. His expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia. "[114], In her 1997 book Australia and Oceania, Australian historian Kate Darian-Smith defined the area as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of the Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [228], Oceania is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. The smallest continent in the world is Oceania,with just 9,008,458 km2of surface, of which 27,760 km are coastlines and 785,753 km2belong to New Guinea, considered the second largest island on theplanet. It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. [212] He was the first known European explorer to reach these islands. [416] The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives,[417] have encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand, including Avatar, The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Chronicles of Narnia, King Kong and The Last Samurai. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. [208] Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.[209]. All other islands associated with Latin American countries were excluded, as they are continental in nature, unlike Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands (both situated on the Pacific Plate) and the oceanic islands situated on the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate. New Caledonia sends two representatives to the French National Assembly and two senators to the French Senate. Fiji currently attracts almost half a million tourists each year, more than a quarter of whom come from Australia. Unlike the United Nations, the World Factbook defines the still-uninhabited Clipperton Island as being a discrete political entity, and they categorize it as part of North America, presumably due to its relative proximity (situated 1,200 kilometers off Mexico on the Pacific Plate). [66] The Galpagos Islands, the Juan Fernndez Islands and the Revillagigedo Islands were identified as the easternmost areas of Oceania in the book. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. New #sharkscience by @FloriaanDD and authors conduct the first #global assessment of population structure of the #bullshark To learn more-> 28 Feb 2023 04:01:34 In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General. [420] Distinctive ingredients or dishes include lamb; salmon; koura (crayfish);[421] whitebait; shellfish including dredge oysters, paua, mussels, scallops, pipi and tuatua;[422] kumara (sweet potato); kiwifruit; tamarillo; and pavlova (considered a national dish).[423][419]. However, it is also the most popular sport in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, and has a significant (and growing) popularity in Australia. Fiji and Tonga became independent in 1970. What is the population of USA? Encompassing the two most highly populated countries in the world - China and India - Asia is by far the largest of the continents, with a total population of over 4.5 billion people. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. The Population of Oceania (1950 - 2019) chart plots the total population count as of July 1 of each year, from 1950 to 2019. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. Our client is actively searching for an Asso Professor/ Professor (Population Health Implementation Science) to join their team. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. "[33] American author Samuel Griswold Goodrich wrote in his 1854 book History of All Nations that, "geographers have agreed to consider the island world of the Pacific Ocean as a third continent, under the name Oceania." [11] The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney. APT Satellite provides satellite communication and satellite . . [187] Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population. The 2011 book Maritime Adaptations of the Pacific, by Richard W. Casteel and Jean-Claude Passeron, states that, "for the purpose of anthropology, Oceania has long been a continent like Africa, Asia and America. The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. "Australia". [447] It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. [39], In most non-English speaking countries Oceania is treated as a continent in the sense that it is "one of the parts of the world", and Australia is only seen as an island nation. Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. The Anson archipelago included phantom islands such as Ganges Island and Los Jardines which were proven to not exist, as well as real islands such as Marcus Island and Wake Island. | The Interpreter", "Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry", "A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia", "The Historical Development of Christianity in Oceania", "BMR Cruise 107: Seabed Morphology and Offshore Resources around Christmas Island, Indian Ocean", "Conservation values in Commonwealth waters of the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Island remote Australian territories", "Christmas Island Australia's Gem In The Indian Ocean", "Christmas & Cocos Keeling Islands Birding Guide", Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The World Factbook", "Climate And Seasons Blue Japan en franais", "An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia", "Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout", "Aboriginal Australians descend from the first humans to leave Africa, DNA sequence reveals", "When did Australia's earliest inhabitants arrive? There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. [240], Australia is part of the Indo-Australian plate and is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth[241] and it has had a relatively stable geological history. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. He also viewed Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. There are 18 peaks of more than 3000 metres (9800ft) in the South Island. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. [24][25] The islands of the Malay archipelago, north of Australia, mainly lie on the continental shelf of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. Australia and New Guinea have importantmining deposits that allowheavy industryandmetals, while New Zealand takes advantage of its lakes for the generation of hydroelectric power, thus promoting its industrialization. Oceania is a collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis. In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." [401][402] The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. Oceania is of all the least populated continent, with the exception ofAntarctica. The South Pacific Commission. [331][332] Auckland is home to over half (51.6 percent) of New Zealand's overseas born population, including 72 percent of the country's Pacific Island-born population, 64 percent of its Asian-born population, and 56 percent of its Middle Eastern and African born population. [344] In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP. These islands lie on the Antarctic Plate and are also thought of as being in Antarctica or no region at all, due to their extreme geographical isolation. The linked map below shows the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are few land boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific at this scale). It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Oceania, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. [232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. [48] National Geographic states that the term Oceania "establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent. [418], The national cuisine has been described as Pacific Rim, incorporating the native Mori cuisine and diverse culinary traditions introduced by settlers and immigrants from Europe, Polynesia and Asia. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. By 75 Ma, Zealandia was essentially separate from Australia and Antarctica, although only shallow seas might have separated Zealandia and Australia in the north. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. There is significantbiodiversityon the continent of Oceania,featuringtropical, subtropical, marine, tundra, and high mountainecosystems. According to our estimations, daily change rates of Oceania population in 2023 will be the following: As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania Ben Finney, The Other One-Third of the Globe. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. According to the Act of Papua Autonomy (Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) section 2 verse 2, the province itself has its own flag and arms, similar to other provinces. [67] Papua New Guinea is geographically the closest country to Australia, and is often geologically associated with Australia as it was once physiologically connected. Among these territories are the driest, flattest, oldest and least fertile of all the worlds continents. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. The country has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade mainly with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and the United States. Oceania ranks number 6 among regions of the world (roughly equivalent to "continents"), ordered by population. [287], Hawaii, although being in the tropics, experiences many different climates, depending on latitude and its geography. In popular usage, however, the designation has a more restricted application. Tonga. [56][57] Despite this, Australia is rarely seen as a part of the subregion. [196], The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of Saipan, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. [64][123] Archaeological evidence suggests that Micronesians may have lived on the Bonin Islands c.2,000 years ago, but they were uninhabited at the time of European discovery in the 16th century. The Population and Public Health Branch ensures that core public health . Oceania covers about 20 million square miles (50 million square kilometers), or roughly one third of the enormous Pacific Ocean. The main produce from the Pacific is copra or coconut, but timber, beef, palm oil, cocoa, sugar, and ginger are also commonly grown across the tropics of the Pacific. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. [226], Australia and New Zealand became dominions in the 20th century, adopting the Statute of Westminster Act in 1942 and 1947 respectively. [56][57] The Australian Plate includes Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Vanuatu, and parts of New Zealand. [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic Western culture, with some Indigenous influences. It is one of three massive states that are constantly at war with each other, with the. [38] The Oxford Handbook of World History (2011) describes the areas encompassed in Oceania as being "afterthoughts in world history texts, lumped together and included at the end of global surveys as areas largely marginal to the main events of world history". [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. Population density (people per sq. The ninth season of the reality TV series Survivor was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled Survivor: Vanuatu Islands of Fire. Although the majority of the Oceanian islands lie in the South Pacific, a few of them are not restricted to the Pacific Ocean Kangaroo Island and Ashmore and Cartier Islands, for instance, are situated in the Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean, respectively, and Tasmania's west coast faces the Southern Ocean. Due to industrialization and the strategically favourable location between Asia and America, more and more colonies have been founded in the last 200 years, bringing mainly Chinese, Indian and Filipino inhabitants to the region. The population growth rate of Africa (2.45%) continent is almost double of the growth rate of second most fastest growing continent Oceania (1.27%). [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. By 2000 about 12 million islanders lived in Oceania (excluding Australia), and many indigenous cultures were revolutionized by intensive contact with non-Oceanic groups who had intruded from various parts of the Western world. We explain what Oceania is, what its relief is like and the population of this continent. [56][57] The Pacific Plate covers the Solomon Islands and parts of New Zealand, as well as Micronesia (excluding the westernmost islands near the Philippine Sea Plate) and Polynesia (excluding Easter Island). [345], Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of quality of living,[346] making it one of the most livable cities. 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