It is dangerous, frankly, to have to keep looking over our shoulders. Whether Tenet had the unsolved death of Dr. Frank Olson in mind is not known, but there is little doubt that it is on his mind today. Mr. Sejna had described experiments in which American prisoners were drugged in a program to develop comprehensive interrogation techniques, involving medical, psychological and drug-induced behavior modification.. I was strongly identifying with him, I loved him. Though theNew Yorkerwriter did not make the connection between Fort Detrick, SOD, Frank Olson, and MK-NAOMI, he told of a number of monkeys who all died of a highly infectious virus known as Ebola that first appeared in 55 African villages in 1976, killing nine out of ten of its victims. In giving the six unwitting Harvard seniors LSD that spring of 1954, Dr. Hyde was motivated by the highest ideals. In the autumn of 1953 Olsons psychological state of mind worsened. I cannot be positive that they never found a technique to control people, Marks writes, despite my definite bias in favor of the idea that the human spirit defeated the manipulators.. Kirkpatrick recommended stern censures for Gottlieb and his immediate TSS superiors, but CIA Director Allen Dulles interceded, reducing the reprimand to a weak hand-slap that did no harm to Gottliebs career as the Agencys Cold War alchemist. Mulholland immediately set about the task of researching and writing the manual. If special equipment is to be used, such as firearms or drugs, it is clear that he must have outstanding skill with such equipment. He did not appear to be the least bit troubled by the moral ambiguities of intelligence work. It actually happened three years ago, but its still the worst-kept secret at TSS. Begun in Chicago in March of 1902 and subsequently housed in Kansas City and finally New York, this staid yet controversial periodical had become the most influential of magic journals. The laboratory experiment in which Frank Olson had unwittingly participated had been part of a truth drug program, supervised by Sidney Gottlieb and George Hunter White, which involved getting people to disclose all under the influence of a drug clandestinely administered. While the operational manual was now complete, John Mulhollands work for the CIA was far from over. Gibbons stated that he is stopping any LSD tests which may have been instituted under CIA auspices.. And so Erics mother sighed and she began. Their suspicions were in another direction. After decades of dogged inquiry, Eric Olson now has a new verb for what happened to his father, Frank Olson, who worked for the Armys top-secret Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, where he developed bioweapons and experimented with mind-control drugs. Espionage. 11.21 Voice of Professor Kurt Blome: Untertitel // Subtitles A. Its an incredible story, said Eric. The drug was manufactured only by the Sandoz company in Switzerland. It has been suggested, even by prominent participants in the counterculture, that with LSD the CIA found the ultimate weapon against the youth movement. [10], MKULTRA and its component parts had already become one of the Agencys most secret operations. Dr. Gibson is certain that he then asked whether the friend to be admitted was currently under the care of a physician, or was receiving any sort of treatment. They dont know yet whether Ill be one of the linchpins in Europe or the Far East., Now the man in the pencil-strip suit began his counteroffensive. These are the places where Olsons remains were deposited for eight years while Eric pursued further avenues of investigation. In a statement prepared for delivery before the House panel on Tuesday, Colonel Corso, who is retired, said, In the past I have tried to tell Congress the fact that in 1953, 500 sick and wounded American prisoners were within 10 miles of the prisoner exchange point at Panmunjom but were never exchanged. Panmunjom was the site of peace negotiations between the United States and North Korea that ended with an armistice on July 27, 1953. No obstacle would deter him from his mission, not even the taboo of unearthing his fathers bones. Dr. Gibson wanted me to understand that this was not and had never been the case. The literature reporting on broken-glass type burglaries reveals that the broken glass causes lacerations most frequently when the body, generally an arm inserted through the broken glass to open a door or window to facilitate the burglars entry, withdraws from the broken window. As we were discussing the scenario in New York I mentioned the very strange business involving Franks visit to a magician, Dr. Mullholland. In chase cases it will usually be necessary to stun or drug the subject before dropping him. It is not at all clear that we can keep such evidence from becoming relevant even if the government waives the defense of the Federal Employees Compensation Act. Dr. Jack (James) Frost, a West Virginia Medical Examiner, agreed to perform the autopsy at the Hagerstown (Md) Community College, arranged through the contacts made by Jeff Kercheval, a criminalist with the Hagerstown police lab, who served on the team. Any drug that can induce schizophrenia might also, if used on a start-stop -start-stop basis, induce enough of a vibration in the lies of that schizophrenic wall to shake it and, conceivably, crack it. Reliability is not satisfactory unless the building is isolated and highly combustible. The models represented the sexual positions considered, by the observant George White, to be the most effective in releasing a flow of information. Thats all I knew about it at first. Center for Open Science: Charlottesville, Virginia, US. He wanted to know, could you assassinate someone without anyone every finding out about it?, At first it was all speculative, recalled Bissell. THAMES NUMBER ONE Oh, it could be this, it could be that, and everything in the CIA is a hall of mirrors, layers, you can never get to the bottom When people say that, what theyre really saying is, Were comfortable with this because we dont want to know. Its like my mother always said, Youre never going to know what happened in that hotel room. Well, something DID happen in that room and it is knowable., Suddenly, Eric is 60 years old. Hard as it was to imagine that the government would murder an American citizen and then disguise that murder, first as a suicide and then as a reaction to an LSD overdose, we now felt compelled by the overwhelming weight of the evidence to accept this scenario as the only plausible account of this whole complex affair. He was CIA and they took it to the end.. As may or may not be characteristic with professional performers, these deductions are often questioned by the Internal Revenue people, and Mr. Mulholland is frequently called on to justify some of his deductions. For that matter to the contrary. Frank Olson, it seems, was not only an experimental subject but also engaged as a researcher in the CIAs Special Operations Division. In 2001 we obtained documents from the Gerald Ford Presidential Library in Ann Arbor, Michigan pertaining to the handling of our case by the Ford White House in 1975. Dr. Gibson affirmed that Lashbrook had said he awakened to find Olson standing in the middle of the hotel room. By 1996 our suspicions had reached an intolerable threshold. As large a percentage of the population took the drug in 1976 as in 1972. Firearms have other drawbacks. How should we read the word disappeared? But as covert LSD experiments proliferated, things down at CIA headquarters began to get out of hand. Ironically, she died on the way to inspect a lumber mill as a place to invest her share of the governments compensation for Franks death. (see pp Chap 4, Journey into Madness). He filled the secret service with confident, intelligent, often daring young men from leading eastern colleges. On Sunday night, Frank and Alice Olson took in a movie, Martin Luther, the just-released biopic on the 16th-century Protestant reformer. White, who had been instrumental in the cover-up, was promoted to district supervisor. I was simply told that Your father has had an accident, and that he has died. The only detail that I was then given was that he had fallen or jumped out of a window. Olson, Eric. Would this colleague, Norman Cournoyer, repeat this statement in front of the camera? What was so sensitive to the CIA that it would kill one of its own? According to my records, your initial estimate was six months, which would expire about October 11, I am initiating a six month extension of the original estimate, which should more than take care of the time factor. At the time, Lashbrook was in the room with Olson, who had gone to New York to be treated by Dr. Harrold Abramson, a psychiatrist who had worked for the CIA.According to CIA documents, Lashbrook called Gottlieb, his supervisor at the time, and then went to the police station to identify the body. This fit led the principal forensic investigator who had exhumed our fathers body to say that the assassination manual fits the death of Frank Olson like the fingers of a glove. (CIA assassination manual found, poster 7.). The question of motive Many persons with insider information whom I contacted were more or less generous with their time. Special teams, the so-called rough boys, interrogated the prisoners. After an intensive ten-day search of the Wicomico River in Southern Maryland, where he had last been seen canoeing by himself, the former CIA chiefs body washed ashore. It was their belief, although they had no smoking gun, that their father had been murdered to keep him from disclosing information about a secret C.I.A. Then CIA Director Richard Helms ordered the destruction of all records of these experiments in the midst of Watergate and congressional investigations that threatened to bring to light the agencys practices in this field. The CIA was on to acid long before the flower children. I spent most of the80s in prison for smuggling marijuana. Saracco and Bibb decided to interview William Colby, Vincent Ruwet, Robert Lashbrook, and Sidney Gottlieb. One thing is for certain: Back home, in freedom, the soldiers making these confessions will be interrogated again, using drugs and torture by their own people! The deaths were never solved, but Sydney detectives became convinced that Bogle and his colleagues had been experimenting with LSD and the effect it produced on their thought-processesthe invitation to the New Years party required each guest to bring a painting done under the influenced of the drugand their either by accident or by design someone had slipped the couple what turned out to be an overdose. Here, for example, a soldier was expected to assemble a rifle while under the influence of the hallucinogen. Thats what they want to do. The shock of what he witnessed, Sargent believed, was all the harder to cope with given that Frank Olson was a patriotic man who believed that the United States would never sanction such acts. Then he fell like a rag doll to his side, coming to a full stop lying supine on the sidewalk. Contact. He was Los Angeles . The program was to be known as Project MKULTRA. There were invoices for fountain pens, even 1 Toy Dog, 98 cents.. There was a 24-hour contingent of Quakers down at the Fort Detrick gates, peace protestors, and Frank would wander over to chat to them, much to the dismay of his colleagues. But as they were driving up Wisconsin Avenue, Olson had the car pull into a hotel parking lot. What exactly was this highly classified national security information? Other Soviet show trials demonstrated the same apparent brainwashing of prisoners. Experiments. U.S. News & World Report. How you fall out of a window in the middle of the night. After further discussions with Abramson, it was agreed that Olson should be placed under regular psychiatric care at Chestnut Lodge, an institution closer to his home and which had CIA-cleared psychiatrists on its Rockville, Maryland, staff. In the spring of 2000 Eric Olson, Frank Olsons son, called me in my office at the University of Virginia. The sight of his fathers shrunken corpse might prove disturbing. A 1975 report by the CIAs inspectorgeneral summed it up: The program had explored avenues of control of human behavior involving such subjects as radiation, electroshock, psychology, psychiatry, sociology and anthropology, harassment substances, and paramilitary devices and materials. Sources F.W. Among its projects, according to what Erics research taught him, were the development of assassination materials, collaboration with former Nazi scientists, LSD mind control research, and the use of biological weapons during the Korean War. Of course, only a genius can when in concert with another genius like Hugh Montague. These are preferable to ordinary military calibers, since ammunition available for them is usually of the expanding bullet type, whereas most ammunition for military refles is full jacketed and hence not sufficiently lethal. What CIA scientists eagerly sought at the outset was a drug that might neutralize the suspected Russian compounds and prevent agents from revealing information. Dr. Gibsons father the author of The Shadow! That is only reasonably explainable as having occurred by reason of his being shall we say silenced, being rendered unable to defend himself, so that he could be tossed out of the window.. When all necessary data has been collected, an effective tactical plan can be prepared. This is not an LSD drug-experiment story, as it was represented in 1975. in 1998 1 wrote and presented for Britains Channel 4, The Spying Machine, a major television documentary in which for the first time key members of Mossad appeared, describing their work. Mulholland requested instructions from the Agency on how he was to report this income to the Internal Revenue Service and what he should do if he were audited or questioned by the IRS. In August, the Carter White House made the existence of these papers public, though it downplayed the significance of their contents. He had been working in the Biological Laboratory of the Special Operations Division, of the U. S. Army Chemical Corps (formerly known as the Chemical Warfare Service) at Fort Detrick, Maryland, for about ten years without any problem. Cournoyer told us that a crucial element had been omitted from published accounts of the Olson case. When Eric finished, the central image of his collage was a grainy picture of a man falling head first out of a window. He greeted the Olsons warily. Um, Eric paused. No symptoms of overt derangement presented themselves. His Harvard research was about how to help people recover from trauma. His first order of business was to visit room 1018A at the Statler Hotel (by that time, renamed the Pennsylvania Hotel). I would turn our gaze from the past, pronounced CIA Director George Tenet recently before Congress. What was in the minds of the men who for two decades pursued the dream of a mind-control drug? Eric, by then a 31-year-old graduate student working toward a Ph.D in clinical psychology at Harvard, recalls brushing elbows with the likes of Rolling Stone magazines Hunter S. Thompson and Leslie Stahl of CBS News. KLHL41 stabilizes skeletal muscle sarcomeres by nonproteolytic ubiquitination. I find it remarkable that the notion of a file being accidentally missed finds its way into this account, especially when one considers how many things about the death of Frank Olson the CIA has claimed were accidents. To wit: in 1953 the Olson family was told that the death of Frank Olson was an accident; when other materials were being shredded in 1973 the file on Frank Olson was accidentally not destroyed; when the Rockefeller Commission investigators were gathering materials at the CIA an Agency secretary accidentally gave them the Olson file, which was not supposed to be released (this explanation provided to the Olson family bySeymour Hersh); when the Rockefeller Commission came into possession of the Olson file in 1975 they accidentally forgot to notify the Olson family that the story of the death of their husband-father, kept secret for twenty-two years, was about to come to light; the CIA also accidentally failed to notify the Olson family when they came to know that the Olson story was about to be anonymously disseminated both in the Rockefeller Commissions report and in the press; the story of Frank Olsons death as it was described in the notoriously missing file which was accidentally not destroyed was that Olson had been accidentally kept on a high floor of a hotel during his stay in New York for psychiatric consultation because of an accidental failure of judgment in which the severity of his disturbance was underestimated; Sidney Gottlieb told the Olson family in 1984 that he had had no idea that LSD could cause the sort of effects it caused in Olsons case, and that in that sense the drugging of Olson was a mistake and an accident.. N was Anthrax, X was botulism and so forth. (4.53). All of the material supplied to John Marks in 1977 as well as all of the material released to the Olson family by the CIA in 1975 was reviewed in light of this new evidence. Friction grew between Eric and brother Nils, a successful dentist who had helped Eric financially in his quest, but who now worried that Eric had gone off the deep end. The magic drug is in the ideology! There his wellbeing was again restored, and in September they once more went back to London, where my father almost immediately suffered a relapse. People who wanted him out of the way said he talked too much and he was telling people about the things he had done, which are American secrets. It was made immediately after Frank Olson went out of the window. Olson was the first Navy SEAL ever to be appointed to three-star and four-star flag rank, as well . It was a combined project of the CIA and Bureau of Narcotics . 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