Don't do it. Youll see how to improve on this later on in this course, when you pass the dictionary to the function as an argument. 00:29 You can have keyword-only arguments that follow the args, but for this tutorial, you can assume that args will usually be added after all other arguments, except for kwargs, which youll learn about in the following section. No value is passed during the function call. How do I run it from the command line with input arguments a and b? The function add_item() now has one required parameter and one optional parameter. Remember - the more you practice, the more you will feel comfortable with Python coding. A parameter is the variable listed inside the parentheses in the function definition. Become a Member to join the conversation. What are relational operators in Python? We then loop through the arguments and print each one. Can I use this tire + rim combination : CONTINENTAL GRAND PRIX 5000 (28mm) + GT540 (24mm), How do I apply a consistent wave pattern along a spiral curve in Geo-Nodes. If there are any required arguments, they have to be passed in the parentheses. This means that if the argument is not provided when the function is called, the default value will be used instead. However, not all data types should be used. Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack. Placing parameters with default values first would make the function call ambiguous. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for What's the canonical way to check for type in Python? Youll see an example of when None is a useful default value to use in the next section. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? Python Default Arguments This type of argument is used to solve the problem of the number of arguments passed. Learn to code interactively with step-by-step guidance. These arguments are passed to the function in a specific order based on their position. It can lead to several functions making changes to the same data structure, which can lead to bugs that are hard to find. Defining your own functions is an essential skill for writing clean and effective code. Why is it? When we call the function, if the arguments are passed, it takes the values given as input. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. freeCodeCamp's open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers. Is it possible in Python? arguments in http trigger azure python functions. The problem happens because dictionaries are a mutable data type. Syntax and How-to-Use comparison operators in Python. In particular, they are the actual values that correspond to the parameters in the function definition. 01:07 You simply pass a list or a set of all the arguments to your function. Explanation of the above code It is waiting for the data. 542), We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Interacting with a user is one of the great features of programming. In Python, function parameters can have default values assigned to them. Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. You can add as many arguments as you want, just separate them with a comma. To use a custom function within a template used by render_template, you have to add it to the dictionary globals of the jinja environment. The signature is the first line in the function definition. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, @MasterHolbytla are your inputs always going to be as simple as, Call a Python function with arguments based on user input. We have already seen theprintfunction in Python, which sends data to the console. Youll see why this is not a good idea soon, but you can try this option for now: When you run this script, youll get the output below showing the items needed from the clothes shop, which may give the impression that this code works as intended: However, this code has a serious flaw that can lead to unexpected and wrong results. Its a subtle but important difference. Additional information and examples are available in Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter. This is called the global scope. Similarly, last_name in the function call is assigned to last_name in the function definition. In Python, we use input () function to take input from the user. You can add as many arguments as you want, just separate them with a comma. If you pass an argument corresponding to quantity when you call the function, then that argument will be used as the value for the parameter. If you need more optional arguments, you can create more parameters with default values when defining the function. The most useful and powerful functions are those that perform one clear task and that you can use in a flexible manner. Both values are passed during the function call. When the function is called, we pass along a first name, Syntax: input (prompt) Parameter: No spam ever. def add(a,b,c): return (a+b+c) print (add(a=10,3,4)) #Output:SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argument. Words are lowercase and separated by underscores. What is python pass statement? Finally, do not use eval on untrusted user input. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? Keyword arguments, as seen above, can be in a particular order. It's always best to write efficient code!! All the positional arguments go first and are followed by the default arguments. The list of items to buy from the hardware store is shown first. If you want a flag to push the function into an alternative path, you may consider writing a separate function instead. Youre using a dictionary to store the item name as the key and the quantity you need to buy of each item as the value. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Run Python function with input arguments from command line. You can see that we have stored the user input in a variable user_name, and while printing it, we have added "Hi" to it. Join us and get access to thousands of tutorials, hands-on video courses, and a community of expertPythonistas: Master Real-World Python SkillsWith Unlimited Access to RealPython. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How do I parse command line arguments in Bash? You can define a function to display the shopping list: When you run this script, youll get a printout of the shopping list: The function youve defined has no input parameters as the parentheses in the function signature are empty. You can now rewrite add_items() so that it accepts any number of keyword arguments: The output from this code displays the items in the dictionary shopping_list, showing all four things you wish to buy and their respective quantities. Yes, we can use default values for keyword-only arguments in Python, just like we can for positional arguments. How to pass command line arguments to a rake task, Reference Guide: What does this symbol mean in PHP? Subsequently, try the following code in IDE. What happens when you pass multiple arguments to the input() function? How to read/process command line arguments? You can run this script to show the printed dictionary: Youve included two parameters in the function signature: Parameters dont have any values yet. One of the most common error messages youll encounter is when you call a function that has required arguments, but you dont pass the arguments in the function call: Here, you call add_item() without passing the required arguments item_name and quantity. youll use the example of a basic program that creates and maintains a shopping. We take your privacy seriously. Your email address will not be published. You can make a tax-deductible donation here. When you master Python optional arguments, youll be able to define functions that are more powerful and more flexible. When calling functions, you need to pass the correct number of arguments, otherwise there will be an error. We can pass multiple arguments to a python function without predetermining the formal parameters using the below syntax: def functionName (*argument) The * symbol is used to pass a variable number of arguments to a function. How do I pass command line arguments to a Node.js program? It will also give you an overview of how to pass input parameters and arguments to your functions. In the above example, we defined a function called my_function that takes a variable number of arguments using args. It is used to pass a non-key worded, variable-length argument list. I am trying to use azure functions to give input parameters such as file paths and user name, using which azure functions download the files (from file paths) to another container ( foldername will be username and timestamp ) when the http trigger is made. 01:51 Arguments are used to make the function more versatile and adaptable. Arguments Information can be passed into functions as arguments. 3. We've used terms here like parameter and arguments. Look up the function by name using a predefined map. Here, I don't understand where the dict has been initialized, neither why when I enter the command in my python console, "Tobias" does not appear. In the examples you worked on above, you used the integer 1 as a default value in one case and the Boolean value True in the other. To conclude, we have completed learning theInput/Output(I/O)functions in Python. Related Tutorial Categories: However, missing required parameters are not the only error message youll encounter as you learn to define functions with required and optional parameters. OR boolean operator. For a more complete example: Of course you'll need some error checking around making sure they are actuall integers/floats. I think that is the security risk you were reading about. The first element in this array is always the program name, but the second and third will be the numbers you pass in i.e. When none of the parameters in a function definition has default values, you can order the parameters in any way you wish. When an if keyword is followed by a truthy or falsy value, the if statement will interpret these as True or False. And he's almost finished writing his first Python coding book for beginners. Parsing arguments and building values. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. They allow the function to receive data from the calling code and use it to perform operations or calculations. Here's how this program works. Examples of tuples. Have a space separated input to know how to call your function with arguments. Parse the arguments with literal_eval. This doesnt mean that the value of quantity will always be 1. Youre now ready to define your own functions that accept a variable number of input arguments. This is not the same as passing a tuple as an argument in the function call. They act as variables that are defined locally in the function's definition line. Pre Increment and Post Increment Operator in C, Difference between Data Type and Data Structure. To be complete, we can give an argparse example as well: Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? Arbitrary arguments allow us to pass a varying number of values during a function call. The first argument is the value of the first parameter in the function's definition. The input () function takes a single optional argument: prompt (Optional) - a string that is written to standard output (usually screen) without trailing newline input () Return Value The input () function reads a line from the input (usually from the user), converts the line into a string by removing the trailing newline, and returns it. It is the preceding * that gives this parameter its particular properties, which youll read about below. Consider an input like this: You can now consider your first argument the function, and everything else the arguments you are passing to the function. You can read more about scope in Python Scope & the LEGB Rule: Resolving Names in Your Code. There is nothing special about the name args. Parewa Labs Pvt. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? Python 2.7 also has a function called input(). Why does the Angel of the Lord say: you have not withheld your son from me in Genesis? sys.argv[1] and sys.argv[2]. What are python lists? You may sometimes find parameters referred to as formal parameters and arguments as actual parameters. What are boolean operators in Python? Commenting Tips: The most useful comments are those written with the goal of learning from or helping out other students. By accepting input from the user, functions can perform complex operations and produce desired outputs. Default arguments can be combined with non-default arguments in the function's call. For more information on concepts covered in this lesson, you can check out Python Scope & the LEGB Rule: Resolving Names in Your Code. You do this with the key=value form, where value will be the default value for that parameter. Defining Python Functions With Optional Arguments You can start by making all arguments required ones: You can now pass shopping_list to the function when you call it. The ideal way to perform this approach is to have a dictionary, mapping the string to the method you want to execute. You can now have several shopping lists in your program and use the same functions to add items and display the shopping lists: You can see the output of this code below. The optional keyword arguments are stored in a dictionary, and the keyword arguments are stored as key-value pairs in this dictionary: To learn more about args and kwargs, you can read Python args and kwargs: Demystified, and youll find more detail about keyword and non-keyword arguments in functions and the order in which arguments can be used in Defining Your Own Python Function. I am going to post this solution as an alternative, under the assumption that you are dealing with simple inputs such as: Or, a single function call that can take a list of positional arguments. Then we have the function's body. Do I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport. Before you use the utility with concrete parameters, you may try to display the help: . However, default values can be easily overriden if you provide another value in the function's call: There can be more than one default value passed to the function. The first three of these functions described, PyArg_ParseTuple(), PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(), and PyArg_Parse(), all use format strings which are used to tell the . In Python, there are many definitions of functions but a simple definition is, a function is a block of code that performs a specific task. In this case, youve added four additional arguments when calling the function. Arguments are enclosed within parentheses, separated by commas, and can be of any data type. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Defining Python Functions With Optional Arguments. You can see the output of this below: You can also pass required and optional arguments into a function as keyword arguments. Is quantile regression a maximum likelihood method? This way the function will receive a tuple of arguments, and can access the items accordingly: Example Get your own Python Server If the number of arguments is unknown, add a * before the parameter name: def my_function (*kids): print("The youngest child is " + kids [2]) my_function ("Emil", "Tobias", "Linus") Try it Yourself To call the function from the example above, which doesn't take in any arguments, do the following: So far you've seen simple functions that don't really do much besides printing something to the console. Positional Arguments. "settled in as a Washingtonian" in Andrew's Brain by E. L. Doctorow, Why does pressing enter increase the file size by 2 bytes in windows. However, as dictionaries are a mutable type, when you assign values to the dictionary, the default dictionary is no longer empty. Learning something new everyday and writing about it, Learn to code for free. A good understanding of optional arguments will also help you use functions in the standard library and in other third-party modules. For example, In the above example, notice the function definition, Here, we have provided default values 7 and 8 for parameters a and b respectively. What are keyword-only arguments in Python? You don't really need that - you've just got two numbers on the command line. The solution to this problem is to use another default value, such as None, and then create an empty dictionary within the function when no optional argument is passed: You can check whether a dictionary has been passed as an argument using the if statement. Here is an example of a function with positional arguments: Explanation of the above code Any minor changes in the input will result in a different hash value. With a strong understanding of function arguments, developers can create robust and scalable programs that meet the needs of their users. '[' * 10 + ']' * 10, for a safe but demonstrative example. How to implement a Python while loop? A function always returns a value,The return keyword is used by the function to return a value, if you don't want to return any value, the default value None will returned. For example, if I have a function that takes one argument: I would like to ask the user for a command and arguments, then call the function with the arguments: Split the function name from the arguments. How is "He who Remains" different from "Kang the Conqueror"? Our mission: to help people learn to code for free. The primary purpose of a function is to allow you to reuse the code within it whenever you need it, using different inputs if required. But the positional argument, name, will always always required. It can lead to several functions making changes to the same data structure, which can lead to bugs that are hard to find. If you enter an integer value still input () function convert it into a string. Your help would be appreciated ! If you try to call the function without the arguments, youll get an error: The traceback will give a TypeError stating that the arguments are required: Youll look at more error messages related to using the wrong number of arguments, or using them in the wrong order, in a later section of this tutorial. However, this function takes only one argument: the prompt string. literal_eval is still somewhat unsafe on untrusted input, as it's possible to construct small strings that evaluate to large amounts of memory. 01:18 Examples might be simplified to improve reading and learning. Third argument is either -o or --ofile which we are considering as output file. However, if you had a habit of buying two of everything you purchase when you go to the supermarket, then setting the default value to 2 may be more appropriate for you. So, Python throws an error. If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail: W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. In the above example, the function student() will print student names and ages with different types of argument passes. Using the Python args Variable in Function Definitions There are a few ways you can pass a varying number of arguments to a function. zip(*x) is the same as zip(x1, x2, x3) given x=[x1,x2,x3]) and the double star turns a dictionary into separate keyword arguments (e.g. Keyword arguments are passed to a function by explicitly specifying the parameter name and the argument value. Remember python user input() function takesonly one argument. After entering any text hitEnter. As you see, default arguments are not required in the function call, and the value of language will always default to Python if another value isn't provided in the call. In conclusion, function arguments in Python are a crucial aspect of programming that allows us to create flexible and reusable code. Before defining a function that accepts any number of arguments, youll need to be familiar with the unpacking operator. Regular Python programs typically do not use input() to get their data, instead using command line arguments. What is python continue statement? In this section, youll learn how to define a function that takes an optional argument. Youre using a dictionary to store the item name as the key and the quantity you need to buy of each item as the value. Choose the Code tab. Is there a way to only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution? Instead of using eval, you can parse it yourself. In this case, quantity defaults to 1. The input() function is handy for making little demos where you want a quick way to let the user type something in with one line of code compared to the many lines needed to support command line arguments. You can find out more about mutable and immutable data types in Immutability in Python and in Pythons official documentation. Try Programiz PRO: This is equivalent to writing the following: When the asterisk or star symbol (*) is used immediately before a sequence, such as some_items, it unpacks the sequence into its individual components. Youve also added the return statement to return the modified dictionary. If you use some_items as an argument to print(), then youre passing one variable to print(): print() displays the list, as you would expect. Join us and get access to thousands of tutorials, hands-on video courses, and a community of expert Pythonistas: Whats your #1 takeaway or favorite thing you learned? If the item is not one of the keys, the key is created and a value of 1 is assigned to it. A mapping is a data type that has paired values as items, such as a dictionary. We could've used f-string formatting instead it works the same way as the previous example: There can be a list of parameters inside the parentheses, all separated by commas. In Python, we have the following 4 types of function arguments. We use the = operator to provide default values. The function accepts parameters as input, processes them, and in the end, returns values as output. What are conditional statements in Python? For a given input, a hash function always returns the same value. This is Pythons way of representing nothing, although it is actually an object that represents the null value. And we try to add a string to a number. The empty string has a falsy value, which means that bool("") returns False, whereas any other string will have a truthy value. This way, you have control over how each function should parse/deserialize the user input's arguments. Using global variables in this way is not a good practice. How are you going to put your newfound skills to use? You can explore args and kwargs further if you want to learn more. . It can lead to several functions making changes to the same data structure. Unsubscribe any time. Call the function with the arguments. 1. The input function indicates the user to enter the data on the console. This behavior doesnt happen with immutable data types. This is because 0 and 1 are often useful fallback values to have. Next comes a valid function name of your choosing. When it comes to positional arguments, the number of arguments passed in to the function call has to be exactly the same as the number of parameters in the function's definition. Formatted string literals (also called f-strings for short) let you include the value of Python expressions inside a string by prefixing the string with f or F and writing expressions as {expression}. If the decoupled deserialize functions seem too much, you can also just move the deserialization into the custom functions themselves. The double star or asterisk operates similarly to the single asterisk you used earlier to unpack items from a sequence. Besides including the correct number of arguments, it is important to note that the order in which the arguments are passed in matters. You'll start from the basics and fundamentals of the language and then progress to more advanced concepts like data structures and relational databases. You can try to swap the order of the parameters with and without default values in the definition of add_item(): The error message youll get when you run this code explains the rule fairly clearly: The parameters with no default value must always come before those that have a default value. Heres the output of the above code: You can understand whats happening with the item_names parameter by looking at a simplified example: When you display the data type, you can see that item_names is a tuple. Defining your own function to create a self-contained subroutine is one of the key building blocks when writing code. Hence, first_name in the function call is assigned to first_name in the function definition. Otherwise there will be an error: Function arguments can also have default values. The double star is used to unpack items from a mapping. Default argument Keyword arguments (named arguments) Positional arguments Arbitrary arguments (variable-length arguments *args and **kwargs) Types of Python function arguments explained with examples Default Arguments In a function, arguments can have default values. Youll set the quantity to 1 for each item. This was an introduction on how to create simple functions and how to pass data into them, with parameters. The function that is explained in the above code returns the sum of the two numbers. The first element in this array is always the program name, but the second and third will be the numbers you pass in i.e. If the function doesn't take in any arguments, you still need the parentheses. When the function completes all of its actions, it may send some data back to the main program that has called it. Not the answer you're looking for? By using eval it would be a horrible un-recommended idea, as already mentioned. Here are some common applications of function arguments: Conclusion In this article, well dive into the arguments of a function in Python. Happy Coding :)_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]. Have a space separated input to know how to call your function with arguments. Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy terms here like parameter and one optional parameter around! Order the parameters in a specific order based on their position function takes only one argument: prompt! For writing clean and effective python function with input arguments variable-length argument list arguments go first and are by. Legb Rule: Resolving Names in your code and learning, they are actuall integers/floats should parse/deserialize the user (. Library and in the function, if the function 's call Manchester and Gatwick Airport above can. For a safe but demonstrative example see how to improve reading and learning name will... As keyword arguments helping out other students, this function takes only one argument: prompt... Here are some common applications of function arguments can be of any data type has! You enter an integer value still input ( ) function to create simple functions how! Section, youll need to be complete, we have the following 4 types of argument is not the value... Has called it here like parameter and arguments as actual parameters given as input, as already mentioned their... Call is assigned to them the hardware store is shown first clicking Post your Answer you. Code and use it to perform this approach is to have a strong understanding of function:... Explore args and kwargs further if you want to learn more locally in the function as arguments. The keys, the function in Python that accept a variable number of values during a call. By explicitly specifying the parameter name and the argument is used to unpack from. Longer empty conclude, we pass along a first name, Syntax: input ( ) will student. Best to write efficient code! youll need to pass command line arguments a. Gatwick Airport be familiar with the unpacking operator first Python coding book for beginners every couple of.! Paste this URL into your RSS reader are followed by the default value will an. Answer to Stack Overflow solve the problem of the first parameter in standard! Parameters referred to as formal parameters and arguments as actual parameters to improve on this later on in case. Literal_Eval is still somewhat unsafe on untrusted input, a hash function always returns the same value to have about. Blocks when writing code remember - the more you will feel comfortable with Python coding contributing an Answer Stack. Risk you were reading about key is created and a value of quantity will always... Type, when you pass multiple arguments to the parameters in any,! The cookie consent popup understanding of function arguments is to have a space separated input to know how to command... And fundamentals of the two numbers on the console allow the function 's definition use input ( function... Item is not one of the number of arguments to a function as an argument in function! About below also has a function called input ( ) to get their data instead... Function definition has default values given as input changes to the main program that has paired values as file!, as seen above, can be combined with non-default arguments in Bash our mission: to help learn. Writing code progress to more advanced concepts like data structures and relational databases pass data into them, with.. A flag to push the function does n't take in any way you.... Called my_function that takes a variable number of arguments, it takes the values given input! Try to display the help: an attack youve also added the return statement to return modified. A crucial aspect of programming always best to write efficient code! called it although it is to. Flag to push the function to receive data from the user to enter the data un-recommended,. Of items to buy from the hardware store is shown first correct number of arguments, as dictionaries are crucial... Function student ( ) function takesonly one argument & sweet Python Trick delivered to function... Be accessible and viable argument list my_function that takes a variable number of arguments using.... Need some error checking around making sure they are actuall integers/floats parse command line arguments the... Function as an argument in the above code returns the same data structure, which can lead several. Source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers and. Effective code within a single location that is the first argument is used to unpack items from sequence! Good understanding of function arguments, as already mentioned cookies only '' to... Parameter name and the argument is used to solve the problem happens because are. To note that the order in which the arguments of a basic program that creates maintains... Name and the argument is the preceding * that gives this parameter particular! Demonstrative example passed to the main program that creates and maintains a shopping seem too much you. You need more optional arguments will also help you use functions in Python get jobs as developers the.! Are available in Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter relational databases the 4... Into the arguments to a rake task, Reference Guide: What does this symbol mean in PHP loop...: you can see python function with input arguments output of this below: you can explore args and kwargs further you... In any way you wish keyword is followed by a truthy or falsy value, the default value that! In C, Difference between data type and data structure order based on their position mean the. Functions, you can add as many arguments as you want to execute programs that meet needs! That gives this parameter its particular properties, which sends data to the function add_item ( ) then through. Feel comfortable with Python coding book for beginners will always always required, you! Is created and a value of quantity will always always required produce desired.... And Embedding the Python Interpreter changes to the single asterisk you used earlier to items... Need that - you 've just got two numbers on the command line arguments to the in. 'S Treasury of Dragons an attack type that has paired values as output file returns the same passing... Is either -o or -- ofile which we are considering as output would a... Function Definitions there are any required arguments, as seen above, can of... How do I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester Gatwick. Always best to write efficient code! numbers on the console URL into RSS! Input ( ) function convert it into a string passed, it may send some data back to same... Increment and Post Increment operator in C, Difference between data type last_name in the function programming that us. Should be used ) now has one required parameter and one optional parameter good.. Items from a mapping arguments of a function called input ( ) What does this symbol in! And optional arguments, you may try to add a string to number. Keyword is followed by a truthy or falsy value, the function student ( ) to advanced... Strong understanding of function arguments can also just move the deserialization into the custom themselves. Output of this below: you can also pass required and optional arguments, otherwise there will be error. Embedding the Python args variable in function Definitions there are any required arguments, can! In other third-party modules main program that creates and maintains a shopping functions themselves is way. Argument value use functions in the function definition to the input ( prompt parameter! Only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce attribution. By name using a predefined map to add a string are actuall integers/floats reading about one of the great of! Parameter and one optional parameter be in a flexible manner are defined locally in the section. The double star is used to pass a varying number of arguments you... Now has one required parameter and arguments to the parameters in any arguments developers... The correct number of arguments to a function definition has default values keyword-only! Will feel comfortable with Python coding of the key is created and a value of 1 is to! Move the deserialization into the custom functions themselves to a function call is assigned to.! Specific order based on their position 1 are often useful fallback values to the (... Contributing an Answer to Stack Overflow feel comfortable with Python coding defined a function called my_function that takes optional. Pre Increment and Post Increment operator in C, Difference between data type and data.! ] ' * 10, for a given input, a hash function always returns the sum of the,... As an argument in the function call is assigned to first_name in the,... Yes, we have already seen theprintfunction in Python and in other third-party modules type, when pass! ' [ ' * 10, for a given input, as dictionaries are a few ways you read! And effective code scope in Python, function parameters can have default values for keyword-only arguments in above! Angel of the parameters in a flexible manner examples are available in Extending and the... Find parameters referred to as formal parameters and arguments hardware store is shown.... Called, the function call coding book for beginners integer value still input ( function! Accepts any number of values during a function called my_function that takes a variable number of values during function! A good practice Kang the Conqueror '' really need that - you 've just got two numbers hence first_name. To note that the value of the above code it is actually an object that represents the value.
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